Product design -- backstage design of network lending
Two years ago, I wrote an article about the background design of APP management, which was encouraged and supported by many friends. After two years of work, I have a deeper understanding of the background management system, and I also understand that the previous analysis is relatively general, and the actual product form is actually lack of many corresponding modules.
Because I have been working in mutual fund industry in recent two or three years, I want to make a simple sharing on the management background of loan products today.
In the previous articles, the app background is divided into four main parts: data monitoring, business content editing, user relationship maintenance, system setting.
Management background function module summarized two years ago
Specifically, the management background of network lending is the core of "business content editing" module. So this module is mainly explained today.
The lending process is generally divided into three stages: pre loan, in loan and post loan. The pre loan work is mainly the operation of the client, while the in loan and post loan work need to be completed through the background, and there are other related configuration management work, all of which can be classified into "business content editing", although there is no "business content editing" of the content platform or e-commerce platform Editing "sounds so appropriate, but in essence, the work during and after the loan is also really editing the business content itself (risk control review editing, lending mark, collection mark, etc.).
The development of "business content editing" in the background of lending products
So today, I will sort out the functional structure of the whole lending product management background from ① management of the management of the management of the management of the assets, ② management of the loan, ③ post loan management.
1、 Management
The loan product is simply to access the fund at a certain cost and then lend the fund to the borrower, while the Internet platform usually earns the technical service fee.
The funder can be an individual or an institution. Because I work with institutional funds, I mainly talk about institutional funds.
There are many institutions providing funds in the market: including factoring companies, small loan companies, banks, and some P2P companies will also lend platform funds in the name of institutions. Different funders will lead to different contract contents, different service fee rates, different interest methods, different loan terms, different repayment periods, etc.
Therefore, in addition to the basic information (organization name, organization code, organization contact person, organization attribute, etc.), each parameter of the system needs to be configurable when editing each asset, so that a lot of development work can be saved when accessing a new fund party.
Specific settings include:
① Contract template
In real business development, some managers can share a set of contract templates, but the specific parameter values are different. However, some management contracts have special contents and need to use other contract templates.
Therefore, when setting the management, you need to configure which set of contract template the current management corresponds to.
② Interest method
The interest calculation methods supported by different funders are also different. The interest calculation methods are mainly divided into equal principal and interest, equal principal and actual interest rate. The funds accessed through the system (banks, P2P) are generally the interest calculation method of equal principal and interest, and the offline funds (factoring, small loans) are generally calculated at the actual interest rate, and the interest collection method of the actual interest rate calculation is also different. Some institutions are single payment collection, some are regular payment collection.
Therefore, the interest calculation method of the management company should also be set. When the customer selects the interest calculation method of the loan, the system can automatically match the supported management company.
② Technical service fee setting
Because the cost of capital is different, the rate charged by technical service fee will also be different.
Then, when setting the management, the corresponding technical service fee rate should also be set.
④ Term of loan
The loan term is usually divided into 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months. However, according to the actual requirements of the management, there will be other requirements, and there is also a 10-month loan period in the real business.
When setting a manager, you also need to configure the loan period supported by the manager.
⑤ Repayment cycle
Generally, the repayment cycle is t + 30, but also t + 28. Some investors require a fixed repayment date (mainly for offline access funds), such as the 15th and 25th of each month. Therefore, according to different requirements, the corresponding repayment period should also be set when setting up the management.
Two, lending
The work in the loan mainly includes: risk control review, loan issuance
① Risk control audit
The risk control review process of each company is not the same. Some cash loan products may not need to be reviewed every time they apply for loan after the initial review of credit; some mortgage / pledge loan products need to be reviewed every time they apply for loan; some companies only have one link in the risk control review; some may have two or even three, which are based on The risk control standard of each company is determined.
However, independent risk control processes are very similar, and all audit processes should meet the following basic processes
Basic process of risk control audit
② Loan issuance
Generally speaking, the lenders with their own systems, such as bank and P2P, are all system automation. After the risk control audit is passed, the "second release" can be basically realized; while the lenders are traditional small loan companies and factoring companies, the release is manual, with low time efficiency.
Whether it is system automatic loan or manual loan, after the fund side relaxes, the platform shall timely change the loan status and notify the borrower.
Three, after loan
After the loan, the post loan work is also very important. The improvement of the post loan work can improve the safety of assets to a certain extent. Remind customers of repayment by SMS, APP notice and other light messages before the repayment date to avoid overdue due to customers forgetting the repayment date. For customers and platforms, this reminder can greatly reduce unnecessary workload of both parties.
① Overdue collection
There are usually two kinds of collection results: 1. The customer repays after collection; 2. No matter how to collect, the customer fails to repay.
For case 1, the loan is still normal. However, the penalty interest shall be charged according to the overdue days, and attention shall be paid to the reminder and collection of repayment in the later stage.
For case 2, the loan is bad debt.
② Asset disposal
In the asset disposal phase, the platform needs to perform "compensation" and "asset buyback" for customers.
"Compensation" means that the customer has the intention to repay, but needs to postpone the repayment for several days. At this time, the platform can repay the fund for the customer first, and then the customer will repay the principal and interest together with the default interest to the platform.
"Asset buyback" refers to the situation that the customer has no intention to repay and the loan is recognized as bad debt. The platform needs to buy the loan back from the fund side. After that, the platform itself carries out the later disposal of the asset.
"Compensation", "asset repurchase", because different loan scenarios and different funders will involve different work, it is necessary to plan system functions according to actual needs.
Summary: the above is just a brief summary of the "business content editing" module of the online lending background based on my work experience. To meet the needs of the actual lending business, the "data monitoring statistics", "maintain user relationship" and "system settings" modules involve a lot of functions.
Although the function of Internet lending client is efficient and simple, the back-end function is complex and cumbersome, involving the online management of the whole loan process before, during and after the loan. In addition to the ability of Internet product design, the requirements for financial knowledge are also relatively high.
If we simply move the offline process to the online, it does not reflect the contribution of technical force to the financial industry. So for product managers, to improve financial professional knowledge, strengthen Internet product thinking, combine the characteristics of Finance and the Internet, and creatively design the function of mutual financial features is the direction I want to work on now and in the future.